New Rules for Employment Tribunal Claims and Responses

From May 2025, the Employment Tribunal has introduced new rules on how claims (ET1) and responses (ET3) must be presented. These rules are part of the wider justice system reform programme designed to make tribunals “digital by default”, reduce delays, and improve efficiency for all parties.

For claimants, respondents, and professional representatives, it is essential to understand and follow the new procedures. Failure to comply may mean that a claim or response is not validly lodged, with potentially serious consequences.

Key Changes at a Glance

• Online is now the default method of filing both ET1 and ET3 forms.
• Email submissions are heavily restricted and valid only in very rare cases where the online system is unavailable.
• Paper and hand-delivered forms remain technically possible, but they are discouraged and intended only for exceptional use.

These changes reflect a clear direction of travel: the Employment Tribunal system is moving almost entirely online, with email and paper submissions permitted only as safety nets.

Submitting a Claim (ET1)

• The standard way to bring a claim is now through the GOV.UK Employment Tribunal portal.
• Using the portal ensures claims are routed correctly and provides instant confirmation of receipt.
• Submitting by post or email should only happen in limited circumstances.
• The new system reduces the risk of postal delays or missing documents and gives claimants a secure record of submission.

Submitting a Response (ET3)

Respondents (usually employers) must still file their ET3 within 28 days of receiving the claim, but the method of submission depends on the type of case reference:

1. Cases with a 16-digit reference number
   • Responses must be filed via MyHMCTS, the online case management service for professionals.
   • Organisations must register an account and assign an administrator who can add additional users.
   • MyHMCTS allows solicitors and HR teams to manage cases in one secure platform.
2. Cases without a 16-digit reference number
   • Usually digital cases beginning with “6” or “8.”
   • Responses should be filed through the Employment Tribunals Response Service portal.
   • If unclear, respondents should contact the relevant regional tribunal office for guidance.

Email – only in rare situations

Under the new rules, email should only be used where the online system fails. A screenshot of the error message must be attached to prove the fault. Without this, the tribunal will not accept the submission.

Dedicated addresses are:

• England & Wales – etpresidentsupportoffice@judiciary.uk
• Scotland – glasgow.president@justice.gov.uk

The Presidents of Employment Tribunals have confirmed that misuse of these addresses (for queries, applications, or routine correspondence) will result in rejection.

Practical Guidance for Employers and Representatives

• Use the online systems first: ET1 via GOV.UK; ET3 via MyHMCTS or the Response Service.
• Keep evidence: save confirmation receipts or screenshots of any technical issues.
• Check case references carefully: the number determines the correct portal.
• Plan ahead: avoid last-minute submissions in case of technical problems.
• Do not misuse email addresses: they are only for genuine system failures.

Conclusion

The Employment Tribunal system is now firmly digital. Almost all claims and responses will be handled through the online portals, with email and paper retained only for exceptional cases.

For employers and professional users, the message is clear:

• Register for and use MyHMCTS where required.
• Train HR and legal teams to use the online systems confidently.
• Always meet deadlines and keep full records of submissions.

By adapting to the new rules and using the correct systems, parties can ensure their claims and responses are processed efficiently and avoid the risk of rejection or delay.